城市生活垃圾總量的高速增長(zhǎng)，及公眾對(duì)于廢棄物管理的高期待，正成為全球多數(shù)城市面臨的重要課題。近日，國(guó)際固體廢物管理協(xié)會(huì)（ISWA）《Waste Management World》 雜志9月版（2025年第三期），深度剖析了來(lái)自中國(guó)西安的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

文章通過(guò)康恒西安高陵項(xiàng)目全面研究，展示了康恒WtE項(xiàng)目如何改寫(xiě)行業(yè)規(guī)則——從高效協(xié)同、卓越運(yùn)營(yíng)、AI共生到打造社區(qū)引以為傲的資產(chǎn)，為全球城市固廢管理提供了標(biāo)桿范本。

注：《Waste Management World》是全球唯一一本全面關(guān)注廢棄物和資源行業(yè)各方面發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新的雜志。作為ISWA官方雜志，該雜志是廢棄物服務(wù)公司、廢棄物產(chǎn)生者、政策制定與決策者獲取高價(jià)值內(nèi)容的重要來(lái)源，在行業(yè)內(nèi)具有廣泛的影響力，對(duì)推動(dòng)廢棄物管理行業(yè)的發(fā)展和交流起到了重要作用。

▲《WMW》雜志9月版（2025第三期）康恒報(bào)道版面截圖

以下是《WMW》報(bào)道原文與中文譯版整理：

BREAKING THE MOULD:HOW XI’AN’S WASTE-TO-ENERGYPLANT REWROTE THE RULEBOOK打破常規(guī)：西安垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠如何重塑行業(yè)規(guī)則 

In China's ancient capital, a waste treatment facility has quietly revolutionised how the industry thinks about community acceptance, operational excellence and technological integration. Five years after opening, the Xi'an Gaoling project sets a benchmark for a sector still grappling with public resistance and ageing infrastructure. ——By Helena Nageler Petritz

在西安這座古都，有一座垃圾處理廠正悄然改變著行業(yè)對(duì)社區(qū)認(rèn)可、運(yùn)營(yíng)水準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)融合的看法。西安高陵項(xiàng)目投用五年，為仍受公眾質(zhì)疑、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施老舊的行業(yè)樹(shù)立了新標(biāo)桿。 文/海倫娜·納格勒·佩特里茨

When Xi'an Jingwei SUS Environmental Energy Co., a subsidiary of SUS ENVIRONMENT, began operating its waste-to-energy plant in January 2020, few could have predicted it would become one of the most visited industrial facilities in western China. By December 2023, over 7,400 people had toured the plant voluntarily-remarkable for an industry that typically struggles with public acceptance. The Xi'an Gaoling Domestic Waste Harmless Treatment Incineration Cogeneration Project handles 2,250 tons of municipal solid waste daily, serving 2.62 million residents across five districts. But capacity figures don't explain why this project has captured international attention or why delegations now make pilgrimages to this corner of Shaanxi Province. 

2020年1月，康恒環(huán)境旗下的西安涇渭康恒環(huán)境能源有限公司，開(kāi)始運(yùn)營(yíng)其垃圾發(fā)電廠時(shí)，鮮有人能預(yù)料到它會(huì)成為中國(guó)西部最受關(guān)注的工業(yè)設(shè)施之一。截至 2023 年 12 月，已有超 7400 人自愿參觀該工廠 —— 這在通常面臨公眾接納難題的行業(yè)中，實(shí)屬罕見(jiàn)。西安高陵生活垃圾無(wú)害化處理焚燒熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目，每日處理 2250 噸城市固體廢物，服務(wù)五個(gè)行政區(qū)的 262 萬(wàn)居民。但產(chǎn)能數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)法解釋該項(xiàng)目緣何吸引國(guó)際關(guān)注，又為何引得各地代表團(tuán)紛紛前往陜西這一區(qū)域參觀。

DESIGN AS STRATEGY: RETHINKING INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE以設(shè)計(jì)為策略：重新審視工業(yè)建筑

The facility's most radical departure begins with what visitors see first. Instead of utilitarian concrete boxes that characterise most WtE plants, the Xi'an Gaoling project presents an architectural statement. French firm AIA designed the building around honeycomb motifs referencing Xi'an's history as the ancient capital of thirteen dynasties and the transformative process of turning waste into energy. This "deindustrialised" approach represents strategic positioning rather than mere aesthetics. Traditional facilities try to minimise visual impact behind barriers and bland facades. The Xi'an Gaoling project does the opposite, creating a structure residents point to with pride rather than tolerance. The architectural gamble paid off. Local basketball teams use the facility's courts, and the plant's "Love Station" provides rest areas for workers and drivers. Public access and community integration, a typical case of transforming NIMBY into YIMBY. 

該設(shè)施最徹底的突破，始于訪客第一眼所見(jiàn)之物。與大多數(shù)垃圾發(fā)電廠千篇一律的實(shí)用主義混凝土建筑不同，西安高陵項(xiàng)目呈現(xiàn)出極具建筑設(shè)計(jì)感的面貌。法國(guó) AIA 建筑事務(wù)所圍繞蜂窩狀圖案設(shè)計(jì)該建筑，既呼應(yīng)了西安作為十三朝古都的歷史，也體現(xiàn)了將垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為能源這一變革性過(guò)程。這種 “去工業(yè)化” 的做法，更多是戰(zhàn)略布局而非單純追求美學(xué)。傳統(tǒng)設(shè)施往往試圖通過(guò)圍墻和單調(diào)的外立面來(lái)弱化視覺(jué)影響，而西安高陵項(xiàng)目則反其道而行，打造出一座令居民引以為傲而非容忍的建筑，顯然，這一建筑上的嘗試取得了成功。當(dāng)?shù)鼗@球隊(duì)使用該設(shè)施的球場(chǎng)，工廠的 “愛(ài)心驛站” 為工人和司機(jī)提供休息區(qū)，向公眾開(kāi)放等社區(qū)融合措施，將 “鄰避效應(yīng)（NIMBY）” 有效轉(zhuǎn)化為 “鄰利效應(yīng)（YIMBY）” 。

BEYOND ELECTRICITY: THE ECONOMIC CASE FOR INTEGRATION不止發(fā)電：整合的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值

While the facility's architectural approach grabs attention, its "Eco+X" operational model delivers the substance behind the style. The project extends far beyond traditional waste-to-energy operations, supplying district heating to 3.4 million square meters - covering nearly 65% of Gaoling District's heating needs and serving 35,000 households. The numbers tell a compelling story. During the 2024-2025 heating season, the integrated system reduced natural gas consumption by 16 million cubic meters, achieving a 93% reduction rate while cutting heating company costs by 55%. For municipal planners struggling with energy security and environmental targets, such performance metrics offer a powerful argument for integrated infrastructure approaches. The facility's multistream processing capabilities add another layer of economic value. By March 2025, the plant had processed 80,000 tons of sludge, 20,000 tons of leachate and 30,000 tons of biogas residue while supplying 1.35 million GJ of heat. This diversified approach transforms the facility from a singlepurpose waste processor into a comprehensive resource recovery hub. Such integration isn't without challenges. Managing multiple waste streams requires sophisticated process controls and creates operational complexity that many facilities prefer to avoid. However, the Xi'an Gaoling project's experience suggests the economic benefits can justify the additional complexity, particularly in urban environments where land constraints make colocation attractive.

盡管該設(shè)施的建筑設(shè)計(jì)備受矚目，但其 “生態(tài) + X” 運(yùn)營(yíng)模式才是背后的核心所在。該項(xiàng)目的意義遠(yuǎn)超傳統(tǒng)垃圾發(fā)電運(yùn)營(yíng)范疇，它為 340 萬(wàn)平方米區(qū)域供應(yīng)集中供熱，覆蓋高陵區(qū)近 65% 的供熱需求，服務(wù) 3.5 萬(wàn)戶(hù)家庭。數(shù)據(jù)能夠說(shuō)明一切。在 2024 - 2025 年供暖季，該綜合系統(tǒng)減少天然氣消耗 1600 萬(wàn)立方米，減排率達(dá) 93%，同時(shí)使供熱公司成本降低 55%。對(duì)于在能源安全和環(huán)境目標(biāo)等方面面臨挑戰(zhàn)的市政規(guī)劃者而言，這樣的數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)有力地證明了該綜合方案的優(yōu)勢(shì)。除此之外，該設(shè)施的多物料流處理能力還提供了另外一層經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，截至 2025 年 3 月，工廠已處理 8 萬(wàn)噸污泥、2 萬(wàn)噸滲濾液和 3 萬(wàn)噸沼渣，同時(shí)供應(yīng) 135 萬(wàn)吉焦熱量。這種多元化的做法將設(shè)施從單一用途的垃圾處理廠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫C合資源回收中心。當(dāng)然，這種整合并非毫無(wú)挑戰(zhàn)，管理多種垃圾流需要精密的過(guò)程控制，也會(huì)帶來(lái)許多設(shè)施力求避免的運(yùn)營(yíng)復(fù)雜性。然而，西安高陵項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，經(jīng)濟(jì)收益能抵消這些復(fù)雜度，尤其是在城市環(huán)境土地緊張的條件下，把設(shè)施集中建設(shè)顯然能讓經(jīng)濟(jì)效益更高。

OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE THROUGH DIGITAL INNOVATION通過(guò)數(shù)字創(chuàng)新實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)營(yíng)卓越

Recognition as China's first "WtE industry operational leader" reflects performance exceeding typical benchmarks. The emissions control system employs SNCR, semidry process, dry process, activated carbon injection, bag filtration and SCR technology. Emission levels exceed China's national standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration (GB18485-2014) and the 2010/75/EU standard. The plant achieved zero wastewater discharge through advanced treatment processes combining pretreatment, UASB, MBR, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for leachate, plus separate industrial wastewater treatment systems. Most ambitiously, the facility implements AI and digital twin technology - among the first commercial applications in the WtE sector. Built on a detailed LOD300 model, the system provides real-time digital replication of all processes. Early results show potential for predictive maintenance, enhanced staff training through simulation and intelligent decision support through machine learning models. 

作為中國(guó)首個(gè)被評(píng)為“運(yùn)營(yíng)服務(wù)領(lǐng)跑者”的垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠，高陵項(xiàng)目的表現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)超行業(yè)一般水平。其排放控制系統(tǒng)采用SNCR+半干法+干法+活性炭噴射+布袋除塵器+SCR技術(shù)，排放水平優(yōu)于中國(guó)《生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB18485-2014）和歐盟 2010/75/EU 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該廠通過(guò)先進(jìn)的處理工藝實(shí)現(xiàn)了廢水零排放，這些工藝結(jié)合了預(yù)處理、上流式厭氧污泥床（UASB）、膜生物反應(yīng)器（MBR）、納濾和反滲透來(lái)處理滲濾液，另外還有獨(dú)立的工業(yè)廢水處理系統(tǒng)。除此之外，該設(shè)施應(yīng)用了人工智能和數(shù)字孿生技術(shù)——這在垃圾發(fā)電行業(yè)中屬于首批商業(yè)應(yīng)用?；谠敿?xì)的 LOD300 模型，該系統(tǒng)能實(shí)時(shí)“復(fù)制”所有流程。初期結(jié)果顯示，其有潛力通過(guò)模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)性維護(hù)、強(qiáng)化員工培訓(xùn)的效果，并通過(guò)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型為智能決策提供支持。

COMMUNITY RELATIONS: LESSONS IN SOCIAL LICENCE社區(qū)關(guān)系：社會(huì)認(rèn)同的經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示

Perhaps most remarkably, the facility has achieved genuine community acceptance and enthusiasm. The project maintains open access during working hours, promotes educational visits and provides community amenities. More fundamentally, the integrated heating system provides direct benefits to local residents - transforming the facility from a necessary burden into a community asset. Such community integration remains rare globally. Most WtE facilities focus primarily on minimising negative impacts rather than creating positive value for surrounding communities. The Xi'an Gaoling project's approach suggests alternative strategies may be both possible and profitable. 

或許最值得稱(chēng)道的是，該設(shè)施實(shí)現(xiàn)了真正的社區(qū)接納與支持。項(xiàng)目在工作時(shí)間保持開(kāi)放，推動(dòng)教育參觀并提供社區(qū)便利設(shè)施。更重要的是，綜合供熱系統(tǒng)為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駧?lái)直接收益——將設(shè)施從必要的負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)資產(chǎn)。這種社區(qū)整合在全球范圍內(nèi)仍較為罕見(jiàn)。大多數(shù)垃圾發(fā)電廠主要關(guān)注如何將負(fù)面影響最小化，而非為周邊社區(qū)創(chuàng)造積極價(jià)值。高陵項(xiàng)目的做法表明，替代策略既可能實(shí)現(xiàn)也能帶來(lái)收益。

GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS FOR AN EVOLVING INDUSTRY對(duì)行業(yè)的全球啟示

Located near the ancient Silk Road's starting point, the Xi'an Gaoling project has become a destination for international delegations seeking to understand evolving waste management practices. For the global WtE industry, the project demonstrates what's possible when facilities are conceived as comprehensive infrastructure rather than single-purpose processors. However, replicating these results requires more than copying technology. Success stems from integrated planning that considers architectural design, community needs, operational excellence and technological innovation as interconnected elements. As cities worldwide grapple with growing waste streams and sophisticated public expectations, the Xi'an Gaoling project model provides a template worth studying - proof that waste-to-energy facilities need not accept minimal public acceptance as an inevitable constraint.

該項(xiàng)目位于古絲綢之路起點(diǎn)附近，已成為國(guó)際考察團(tuán)了解垃圾管理實(shí)踐發(fā)展的必要“打卡地”。對(duì)于全球垃圾發(fā)電行業(yè)而言，該項(xiàng)目展示了將設(shè)施視為綜合基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施而非單一用途的垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠時(shí)所能實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。然而，想要復(fù)制這些成果并非僅僅是技術(shù)照搬。成功源于綜合規(guī)劃，需要將建筑設(shè)計(jì)、社區(qū)需求、運(yùn)營(yíng)卓越性和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新視為相互關(guān)聯(lián)的要素。當(dāng)前，全球城市都要應(yīng)對(duì)垃圾增長(zhǎng)和公眾高期待的問(wèn)題，西安高陵項(xiàng)目模式提供了一個(gè)值得研究的范本——證明垃圾焚燒廠出現(xiàn)“無(wú)人支持”的情況并不是一種必然宿命。

▲《WMW》雜志9月版（2025第三期）封底

編輯：陳偉浩